[Author] B. Z. Moroz [Title] The Riemann Hypothesis and Diophantine equations [AMS Subj-class] 11M26 Nonreal zeros of $\zeta (s)$ and $L(s, \chi)$; Riemann and other hypotheses 11D72 Equations in many variables [Abstract] A Diophantine equation, whose insolubility is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis, is constructed. [Comments] LaTeX, Russian, 6 pp. [Contact e-mail] moroz@pdmi.ras.ru